{"id":3939,"date":"2015-07-09T12:12:33","date_gmt":"2015-07-09T11:12:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/?p=3939"},"modified":"2015-07-09T09:29:12","modified_gmt":"2015-07-09T08:29:12","slug":"%d9%85%d8%a7-%da%86%da%af%d9%88%d9%86%d9%87-%d9%85%d8%a7-%d8%b4%d8%af%db%8c%d9%85%d8%9f-%d9%be%db%8c%d8%b4%d9%86%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7%db%8c%db%8c-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a7%db%8c-%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/?p=3939","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u0645\u061f \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sasanian\/posts\/10104680873608586\">\u0628\u063a\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 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\u0628\u0634\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u06cc \u06af\u0646\u062f\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0639\u06a9\u0633\u0634 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f (\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u0634 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u00ab\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u06a9\u0648\u0633\u00bb \u06f4\u06f0 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631)\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0632\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u0645!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pomeranz, Kenneth. <em>The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy<\/em>: Princeton University Press, 2009<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Chakrabarty, Dipesh. <em>Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference<\/em>. Princeton University Press, 2009<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Parthasarathi, Prasannan. <em>Why Europe grew rich and Asia did not: global economic divergence, 1600\u2013\u06f1\u06f8\u06f5\u06f0<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 2011<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Wolf, Eric R. <em>Europe and the People without History<\/em>. Univ of California Press, 2010<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Blaut, James M.<em> The colonizer&#8217;s model of the world: Geographical diffusionism and Eurocentric history<\/em>. Guilford Press, 2012<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Wallerstein, Immanuel. <em>World-systems analysis: An introduction<\/em>. Duke University Press, 2004<\/p>\n<p>\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u00bb \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0686\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0648 \u0645\u06cc \u0632\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a:<a href=\"http:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/chapters\/i8507.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\">http:\/\/press.princeton.edu\/chapters\/i8507.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0627 <a class=\"profileLink\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sourenaa\" data-hovercard=\"\/ajax\/hovercard\/user.php?id=632772190\">Suren\u0101 Parh\u0101m<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<p><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0\"><a class=\" UFICommentActorName\" dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/alirezaeshraghi?fref=ufi\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;;&quot;}\" data-hovercard=\"\/ajax\/hovercard\/hovercard.php?id=1040235302&amp;extragetparams=%7B%22hc_location%22%3A%22ufi%22%7D\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0.0.0\">Ali Reza Eshraghi<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span dir=\"rtl\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body\"><span class=\"UFICommentBody _1n4g\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.0.$end:0:$text0:0\">\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span dir=\"rtl\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body\"><span class=\"UFICommentBody _1n4g\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.0\"><br data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.0.$end:0:$text1:0\" \/><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.0.$end:0:$text2:0\">Hodgson, Marshall GS, and Edmund Burke. <em>Rethinking world history: Essays on Europe, Islam and world history<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 1993<\/span><\/span><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3.0\"><br data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text1:0\" \/><br data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text3:0\" \/><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span dir=\"rtl\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body\"><span class=\"UFICommentBody _1n4g\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.3.0.$end:0:$text4:0\">Lockman, Zachary. <em>Contending visions of the Middle East: The history and politics of Orientalism<\/em>. Cambridge University Press, 2009<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><\/div>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" style=\"text-align: right;\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681006417436:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0\"><a class=\" UFICommentActorName\" dir=\"ltr\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sasanian?fref=ufi\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;;&quot;}\" data-hovercard=\"\/ajax\/hovercard\/hovercard.php?id=2534714&amp;extragetparams=%7B%22hc_location%22%3A%22ufi%22%7D\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.0.0.0\">Baghd\u0101d Kav\u0101d S\u0101s\u0101n\u012b<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span dir=\"rtl\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body\"><span class=\"UFICommentBody\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0\">\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645 (\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0634) \u0628\u062f \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0646\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0633\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0647:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\" _5wj- _5wj_\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body\"><span dir=\"rtl\" data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body\"><span class=\"UFICommentBody\" data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0\"><span data-reactid=\".3.1:4:1:$comment10104680873608586_10104681021941326:0.0.$right.0.$left.0.0.1.$body.$comment-body.0.$end:0:$text0:0\"> Frank, Andre Gunder. <em>ReOrient: Global economy in the Asian age<\/em>. Univ of California Press, 1998<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u063a\u200c\u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u0645. \u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0634\u0647\u060c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[2849,2854,2860,2861,2845,2857,2848,2850,2853,2855,2863,2846,2851,2858,2862,2859,2852,2856,2847,2702,2840,2842,817,2841,2844,2843],"class_list":["post-3939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8","tag-andre-gunder","tag-blaut","tag-chakrabarty","tag-dipesh","tag-edmund-burke","tag-eric-r","tag-frank","tag-hodgson","tag-immanuel","tag-james","tag-kenneth","tag-lockman","tag-marshall-gs","tag-parthasarathi","tag-pomeranz","tag-prasannan","tag-wallerstein","tag-wolf","tag-zachary","tag-2702","tag-2840","tag-2842","tag-817","tag-2841","tag-2844","tag-2843"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3939\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}