{"id":4185,"date":"2015-07-22T12:12:43","date_gmt":"2015-07-22T11:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/?p=4185"},"modified":"2015-07-22T07:59:18","modified_gmt":"2015-07-22T06:59:18","slug":"%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d9%87%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%86%d8%b3%e2%80%8c%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%87%db%8c-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%87-%d8%ad%d8%b0%d9%81-%d9%85%db%8c-%d8%b4%d9%88%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/?p=4185","title":{"rendered":"\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0647\u0645\u062c\u0646\u0633\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b “\u0647\u0645\u200c\u200c\u062c\u0646\u0633\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc” \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061f\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em> \u0631\u0650\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u0632<\/p>\n

The Elements of Moral Philosophy by James Rachels<\/a><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/em>\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645. \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0647\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f4 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0647\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:
\n\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em>” \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u062e\u06af\u0631\u06cc (\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u062c\u0648\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u06a9\u0645\u062a.
\n\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em>” \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0639\u0644\u06cc (\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0645) \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0622\u0644\u200c\u0628\u0648\u06cc\u0647 (\u0647\u06cc\u0626\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06a9\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0647\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:
\n\u06f1.<\/strong> \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0634\u062f \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0634\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0650 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc\u0650 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u06cc.<\/p>\n

\u06f2.<\/strong> \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u06f6 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645: \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em> \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06a9\u0650\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0622\u0645\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em> \u06af\u0650\u0646\u0633\u0644\u0650\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc<\/em> \u067e\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0646\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \/ \u0628\u0635\u06cc\u0631\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc<\/em> \u0645\u06a9\u200c\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642<\/em> \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0632\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc<\/em> \u0632\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0644\u200c-\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u06f3.<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \/ \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u062b “\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062c\u0646\u0633\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc” (homosexuality) \u0686\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u062d\u0631\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0646\u06af \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0646\u062f! \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u06f4.<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc common law \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 “\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u06af\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646” \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0647 “\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc”! \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0633 \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u060c \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0645\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0648 \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n

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\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u06a9 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647:<\/strong>
\nhttp:\/\/epebr.faslnameh.org\/browse.php\u2026<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u062d\u062b “\u0647\u0645\u200c\u200c\u062c\u0646\u0633\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc” \u0686\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u061f\u00a0\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0650\u06cc\u0686\u0644\u0632 The Elements of Moral Philosophy by James Rachels \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0650 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0645. \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0632 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[3035,3031,407,3036,2070,3034,3033,3032,615],"class_list":["post-4185","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8","tag-james-rachels","tag-3031","tag-407","tag-3036","tag-2070","tag-3034","tag-3033","tag-3032","tag-615"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4185"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4185\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4185"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4185"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/raahak.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4185"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}