نواب‌پور و عالم‌پور؛ دو دوست تاجیک و ایرانی من

باقر معین

بیست سال پیش در چنین روزهایی بود که پس از یک روز پرواز دراز به توکیو رفتم تا در کنفرانسی شرکت کنم. وارد اتاق هتل شدم. هنوز چمدانم را باز نکرده بودم که فکس داخل اتاق هتل به کار افتاد. بیش از آن که به محتوای فکس توجه کنم، دقت و کاردانی ژاپنی ها ستایش مرا برانگیخت. اما محتوای نامه ای که به من نوشته شده بود برای من تکان دهنده و باورنکردنی بود یعنی خبر دردناک درگذشت دو دوست و همکار که با آن ها پیوند عاطفی عمیقی داشتم: رضا نواب پور و محیی الدین عالم پور. رضا نواب پور در بیمارستانی در لندن به بیماری قلبی درگذشته بود و محیی الدین عالم پور را در شهر دوشنبه ربوده و کشته بودند. کنفرانس را رها کردم و باز از همان مسیر و این بار از راه مسکو به دوشنبه رفتم که شهری بود جنگ زده و سرد و بی برق و آب.

PREFACE I
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IV
TRANSLITERATION V
ABBREVIATION OF TITLES OF JOURNALS VII
PART 1
۱-۵۷ I-HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
PART 11 58-106
II-I- TRADITIONAL FORMS AND CONTENTS 58
II-II- THE PREPARATORY PERIOD 86
PART’III 107-297
III-I- THE FICTION OF THE YEARS 1906-1941 107
III-II- THE REFLECTION OF THE 1906-1941 PERIOD IN LATER FICTION 158
III-III- THE ADVENT OF SOCIAL AWARENESS, 1941-1953 182
III-IV- CENSORSHIP AND CONSTRAINT 2-21
III-V- SOCIAL REALISM AND ISLAMIC NATIONALISM 1953-1979 247
CONCLUSION 298
BIBLIOGRAPHY 308

The thesis examines the modern fictional literature of Iran, which is a new growth stemming from the national awakening of the late 19th century and the constitutional revolution of 1906. While retaining elements from the classical Persian heritage, this literature is directly or indirectly influenced by European forms and shows a general tendency towards social realism. It reflects the political and social upheavals which Iran underwent in the three quarters of a century between 1906 and 1979. In seccessive periods the literary output gives evidence of great changes in prevalent attitudes and social concerns.

Part I of the thesis outlines the historical and social background up to 1979. Part II discusses the social character-, stics of Persian classical and folk literatures and examines certain works which appeared in the preparatory period before 1906. Part III is a study of the modern literature divided into three periods: (1) 1906-1941, when the predominant attitude was a secular nationalism combining pride in the Iranian past with desire for modernization; (2) 1941-1953, when hostility to dictatorship (after the experiences of Rez5 Sh5h’s reign) was linked with a political attitude which was generally socialist rather than liberal and was sometimes also anti-clerical; (3) 1953-1979 Jq when among several tendencies the most important were concern for the poor and concern for the nation’s cultural identity. Since literary activity was affected by censorship in the reigns of both Pahlavi Mahs, the nature and varying intensity of the censorship and the evasive devices of authors are also discussed in Part III. While the two main tendencies of this period generally overlap, because each represents a revultion against hasty and imposed modernization, it is apparent that some authors were more concerned about the economic and social hardships falling on the masses, while others were more concerned about the effects on the traditional Islamic culture and life-style of the masses.